What is RAM and ROM ?

Random Access Memory (RAM) provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.
RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.




Read Only Memory (ROM) is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.


Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.
Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software.


Re-writable ROM chips include: 

• PROMs (programmable read-only memory)
• EPROMs (erasable read-only memory)
• EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory)

Spell you Number in Words

Function SpellNumber(ByVal n As Double, _
                     Optional ByVal useword As Boolean = True, _
                     Optional ByVal ccy As String = "Dollars", _
                     Optional ByVal cents As String = "", _
                     Optional ByVal join As String = " And", _
                     Optional ByVal fraction As Boolean = False) As String
Dim myLength As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim myNum As Long
Dim Remainder As Long


    SpellNumber = ""
    Remainder = Round(100 * (n - Int(n)), 0)


    myLength = Int(Application.Log10(n) / 3)


    For i = myLength To 0 Step -1
        myNum = Int(n / 10 ^ (i * 3))
        n = n - myNum * 10 ^ (i * 3)
        If myNum > 0 Then
            SpellNumber = SpellNumber & MakeWord(Int(myNum)) & _
            Choose(i + 1, "", " thousand ", " million ", " billion ", " trillion")
        End If
    Next i
    SpellNumber = SpellNumber & IIf(useword, " " & ccy, "") & _
                    IIf(Remainder > 0, join & " " & Format(Remainder, "00"), " Only") & _
                    IIf(fraction, "/100", "") & " " & cents
    SpellNumber = Application.Proper(Trim(SpellNumber))


End Function




Function MakeWord(ByVal inValue As Long) As String
Dim unitWord, tenWord
Dim n As Long
Dim unit As Long, ten As Long, hund As Long


    unitWord = Array("", "one", "two", "three", "four", _
                     "five", "six", "seven", "eight", _
                     "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", _
                     "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", _
                     "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen")
    tenWord = Array("", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", _
                    "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety")
    MakeWord = ""
    n = inValue
    If n = 0 Then MakeWord = "zero"
    hund = n \ 100
    If hund > 0 Then MakeWord = MakeWord & MakeWord(Int(hund)) & " hundred "
    n = n - hund * 100
    If n < 20 Then
        ten = n
        MakeWord = MakeWord & unitWord(ten) & " "
    Else
        ten = n \ 10
        MakeWord = MakeWord & tenWord(ten) & " "
        unit = n - ten * 10
        MakeWord = Trim(MakeWord & unitWord(unit))
    End If
    MakeWord = Application.Proper(Trim(MakeWord))


End Function

Refresh Document by Lotus Script

'Global Declaration
Declare Sub keybd_event Lib "user32.dll" (Byval bVk As Integer, Byval bScan As Integer, Byval dwFlags As Integer,Byval dwExtraInfo As Integer)
         

Sub RefreshDoc

            Const VK_F9 = &H78

            Const KEYEVENTF_KEYDOWN = &H0
            Const KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = &H2

'Command line same as Press and release F9

            keybd_event VK_F9, 0 , KEYEVENTF_KEYDOWN , 0
            keybd_event VK_F9, 0 , KEYEVENTF_KEYUP , 0

End Sub

New @commands that execute as soon as they are encountered in a formula on left with corresponding existing @command on right.

Clear - EditClear
CloseWindow - FileCloseWindow
DatabaseDelete - FileDatabaseDelete
EditProfileDocument - EditProfile
ExitNotes - FileExit
FolderDocuments - Folder
NavNext - NavigateNext
NavNextMain - NavigateNextMain
NavNextSelected - NavigateNextSelected
NavNextUnread - NavigateNextUnread
NavPrev - NavigatePrev
NavPrevMain - NavigatePrevMain
NavPrevSelected - NavigatePrevSelected
NavPrevUnread - NavigatePrevUnread
RefreshWindow - ReloadWindow
RunAgent - ToolsRunMacro
RunScheduledAgents -ToolsRunBackgroundMacros
SwitchForm – ViewSwitchForm
SwitchView - ViewChange

What is WI-FI and PUSH MAIL

WI-FI
Wi-Fi means Wireless Fidelity used to access Internet services in a Wi-Fi zone. Wi-Fi is also called as WLAN or Wireless Local Area Network.It stands for Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies provide wireless connectivity in local area networks. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks using IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet. 
Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands. Wireless LANs are not sufficiently protected. It is vulnerable to virus attacks and information privacy invasion. 
Security technologies are developed to enhance the WLAN security, including, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wireless Application Protocol (mainly for mobile devices) plus many vendor proprietary technologies.

PUSH MAIL
Push mail is a feature in the phone by means of which an email received on the computer gets delivered to the phone also without "pulling" (dialing out to fetch mail) activity. Prerequisites for Push Mail A Java / Symbian / Windows phone with push mail client (a software application loaded on the phone) GPRS/ Blackberry/any other type of push mail subscription. The service is called "mail rendering". It means that any word/excel/ppt/acrobat files first few lines are sent as "text" with mail.

Change Comment Shape or Add Image

Add a Picture to an Excel Comment

1. Right-click the cell which contains the comment.
2. Choose Show/Hide Comments, and clear any text from the comment.
3. Click on the border of the comment, to select it.
4. Choose Format|Comment
5. On the Colors and Lines tab, click the drop-down arrow for Color.
6. Click Fill Effects
7. On the picture tab, click Select Picture
8. Locate and select the picture
9. To keep the picture in proportion, add a check mark to Lock Picture Aspect Ratio
10. Click Insert, click OK, click OK

Change the Comment Shape 

For MS-Office 2000/XP/2003 only.

Add a bit of interest to a worksheet, by changing the comment shape from a rectangle.

1. Right-click the cell which contains the comment.
2. Choose Edit Comment
3. Click on the border of the comment, to select it.
4. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Draw button
5. Choose Change AutoShape, and choose a category.
6. Click on a shape to select it.
7. When finished, click outside the comment.

For MS-Office 2007/2010.

In Excel 2007, the Drawing Tools  Format tab doesn’t appear on the Ribbon when you select a comment, so the Change Shape command isn’t available. It’s still possible to change the comment’s shape, but it takes a bit more effort.

You can add the Change Shape command to the Quick Access Toolbar (QAT):

1. Right-click the QAT, and click Customize Quick Access Toolbar
2. In the Choose commands from drop down list, click Drawing Tools | Format Tab
3. In the list of commands, click Change Shape, and click Add.

Now you can change the Comment Shape

1. Select the cell that contains the comment
2. On the Ribbon, click the Review tab, and click Edit Comment
3. Click the border of the comment, to select the shape.
4. On the QAT. click Change Shape, and click on the shape that you want to use.

Copy/Move/Insert without cut and paste

How to do Copy/Move/Insert without Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V?

• Select the range of cells to be copied, or moved, or inserted. 
• Place the cursor on the heavy outline of this selected range, and the cursor changes into a 4-way arrow. 
• Press and hold the left mouse button as you move the cursor to the location where you want to place the selected range. A gray outline around shows you the area to which the selected cells will be moved. 
• Holding the Shift-key will move (i.e. cut and insert) the selected range without over-writing any cells in the paste location. 
• Holding the Ctrl-key will create a copy of the selected range, leaving the original in place. 
• Holding both Shift-key and Ctrl-key will insert a copy. 

This works on cells, rows, and columns (and sheets?) 
Try it... I think you'll like it.